Nasal Obstruction / Blockage

Nasal obstruction or blockage is the inability or decrease ability to breathe through the nose. It often impacts a patient’s quality of life, ability to exercise, and can impair sleep quality.

The two main structures that are usually involved in nasal obstruction are the septum and turbinates.

Nasal obstruction / blockage can be caused by structural abnormalities in the nose, such as a deviated nasal septum or enlarged turbinates. The septum, the wall between both sides of the nose, is made of cartilage and bone and helps support the nose's structure. A deviated septum, which may result from trauma or natural causes, can block airflow on one or both sides of the nose. The turbinates, structures on each side of the nose that warm and humidify the air we breathe, can also become enlarged, leading to obstruction.

Another cause of nasal obstruction is nasal valve stenosis, a condition where the narrowest part of the nasal passage becomes weakened or collapses, further blocking airflow. Each of these issues can significantly affect breathing and may require evaluation and treatment.

Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosing, and Beyond:

What are the common symptoms of nasal obstruction / blockage?

Patients with nasal obstruction complain of an inability or decreased ability to breathe through one side or both sides of their nose. They may also notice difficulty sleeping, mouth breathing, snoring, and runny nose.

How is nasal obstruction / blockage diagnosed by an ENT specialist?

Determining the cause of nasal obstruction is based on a thorough history/assessment, complete head and neck and possibly other diagnostic tests (ex. CT, etc.). Please note that sinus x-ray should be avoided as they are not helpful.

What are the best treatment options for nasal obstruction / blockage?

The best treatment options for nasal obstruction range from conservative approaches, such as using Breathe Right nasal strips or nasal cones, to medical treatments like steroid nasal sprays, steroid rinses, or short-term topical decongestants. In more severe or persistent cases, surgical options such as septoplasty, turbinate reduction, nasal valve implants, or rhinoplasty may be necessary to improve airflow and relieve obstruction. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the obstruction.